Now offer period OUR API HAS BEEN EXPANDED

New API V3.0: Get our API at a special price. Get it now. Get more detailed color conversion results - perfect for web projects, plugins, internal tools or SaaS applications. Valid from 2025-10-21 up to and including 2025-11-21 (23:59 CET)

API packages & prices X

CSS Gradients:
CMYK 0 / 92 / 42 / 4

Information

close all

2-color gradients - Complementary color

Let CSS suggest color gradients from two hues such as the base hue and the complementary color.

Find examples of linear and radial color transitions.

Easy for web design: Copy the CSS code for easy integration on your website.

2-color gradients - Lighter colors

Let CSS suggest color gradients from two hues such as the base hue and a lighter hue.

Find examples of linear and radial color transitions from Lighter colors.

Simple for web design: copy the CSS code for easy integration on your website.

2-color gradients - Darker colors

Let CSS suggest color gradients from two hues such as the base hue and a darker hue.

Find examples of linear and radial color transitions from Darker colors.

Simple for web design: copy the CSS code for easy integration on your website.

Display options

Description

Red and blue clearly dominate this hue: the red and blue values are higher than green. Bright color: high color values create a bright impression.

The breakdown of the color into the RGB color system: of 255 maximum color components, 245 red, 20 green and 142 blue.

The mixing ratio of these colors results in the displayed hue in the middle of the overlaps.

In the illustration you can see how the color is composed of the three components: red (top),green (bottom right) and blue (bottom left). In the middle you can see the result color.

In the CMYK color system the color is composed as follows: In this color tone, out of 100 maximum color components, none cyan, 92 magenta, 42 yellow and 4 key.

The mixing ratio of these colors results in the displayed hue in the middle of the overlaps.

In the diagram you can see how the color is composed of the four components cyan (top left),magenta (top right),yellow (bottom right) and black or key (bottom left). In the middle you can see the result color.

Verification of their color palette as a manufacturer!

Provide designers and agencies with accurate color values.

Let's go

2-color gradients of CMYK 0 / 92 / 42 / 4 - Complementary color

Lineal

HEX #F5148E to HEX #0AEB71

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5148E 1%, #0AEB71 91%);

Radial

HEX #F5148E to HEX #0AEB71

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5148E 2%, #0AEB71 96%);

HEX #0AEB71 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #0AEB71 5%, #F5148E 87%);

HEX #0AEB71 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #0AEB71 0%, #F5148E 92%);

2-color gradients of CMYK 0 / 92 / 42 / 4 - Lighter colors

Lineal

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F514CC

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5148E 12%, #F514CC 91%);

Radial

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F514CC

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5148E 2%, #F514CC 93%);

HEX #F514CC to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F514CC 14%, #F5148E 96%);

HEX #F514CC to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F514CC 7%, #F5148E 89%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F51490

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5148E 2%, #F51490 92%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F51490

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5148E 5%, #F51490 95%);

HEX #F51490 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F51490 2%, #F5148E 99%);

HEX #F51490 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F51490 12%, #F5148E 98%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F51454

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5148E 8%, #F51454 95%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F51454

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5148E 7%, #F51454 95%);

HEX #F51454 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F51454 4%, #F5148E 86%);

HEX #F51454 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F51454 10%, #F5148E 97%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F51418

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5148E 2%, #F51418 96%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F51418

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5148E 2%, #F51418 99%);

HEX #F51418 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F51418 6%, #F5148E 89%);

HEX #F51418 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F51418 13%, #F5148E 100%);

2-color gradients of CMYK 0 / 92 / 42 / 4 - Darker colors

Lineal

HEX #F5148E to HEX #D70979

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5148E 8%, #D70979 98%);

Radial

HEX #F5148E to HEX #D70979

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5148E 0%, #D70979 87%);

HEX #D70979 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #D70979 4%, #F5148E 90%);

HEX #D70979 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #D70979 10%, #F5148E 95%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F73CA1

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5148E 7%, #F73CA1 97%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F73CA1

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5148E 14%, #F73CA1 95%);

HEX #F73CA1 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F73CA1 6%, #F5148E 99%);

HEX #F73CA1 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F73CA1 0%, #F5148E 96%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F963B4

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5148E 12%, #F963B4 86%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F963B4

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5148E 12%, #F963B4 89%);

HEX #F963B4 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F963B4 14%, #F5148E 87%);

HEX #F963B4 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F963B4 10%, #F5148E 94%);

2-color gradients of CMYK 0 / 92 / 42 / 4 - Analogue colors

Lineal

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F514CC

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5148E 13%, #F514CC 98%);

Radial

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F514CC

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5148E 3%, #F514CC 100%);

HEX #F514CC to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F514CC 11%, #F5148E 96%);

HEX #F514CC to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F514CC 8%, #F5148E 90%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F51490

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5148E 0%, #F51490 90%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F51490

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5148E 7%, #F51490 88%);

HEX #F51490 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F51490 3%, #F5148E 97%);

HEX #F51490 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F51490 10%, #F5148E 90%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F51454

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5148E 9%, #F51454 99%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F51454

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5148E 6%, #F51454 92%);

HEX #F51454 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F51454 4%, #F5148E 89%);

HEX #F51454 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F51454 2%, #F5148E 91%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F51418

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5148E 7%, #F51418 97%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F51418

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5148E 4%, #F51418 100%);

HEX #F51418 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F51418 5%, #F5148E 97%);

HEX #F51418 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F51418 1%, #F5148E 89%);

2-color gradients of CMYK 0 / 92 / 42 / 4 - Monochromatic colors

Lineal

HEX #F5148E to HEX #D70979

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5148E 12%, #D70979 97%);

Radial

HEX #F5148E to HEX #D70979

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5148E 9%, #D70979 89%);

HEX #D70979 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #D70979 4%, #F5148E 96%);

HEX #D70979 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #D70979 13%, #F5148E 89%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F73CA1

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5148E 6%, #F73CA1 98%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F73CA1

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5148E 13%, #F73CA1 86%);

HEX #F73CA1 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F73CA1 3%, #F5148E 91%);

HEX #F73CA1 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F73CA1 0%, #F5148E 93%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F963B4

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5148E 10%, #F963B4 87%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F963B4

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5148E 3%, #F963B4 97%);

HEX #F963B4 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F963B4 13%, #F5148E 90%);

HEX #F963B4 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F963B4 6%, #F5148E 93%);

2-color gradients of CMYK 0 / 92 / 42 / 4 - Partial complementary colors

Lineal

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F5A614

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5148E 13%, #F5A614 97%);

Radial

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F5A614

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5148E 1%, #F5A614 87%);

HEX #F5A614 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5A614 6%, #F5148E 92%);

HEX #F5A614 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5A614 8%, #F5148E 89%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #14EAF5

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5148E 9%, #14EAF5 95%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #14EAF5

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5148E 5%, #14EAF5 88%);

HEX #14EAF5 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #14EAF5 12%, #F5148E 88%);

HEX #14EAF5 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #14EAF5 6%, #F5148E 89%);

2-color gradients of CMYK 0 / 92 / 42 / 4 - Triadic colors

Lineal

HEX #F5148E to HEX #90F514

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5148E 12%, #90F514 88%);

Radial

HEX #F5148E to HEX #90F514

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5148E 9%, #90F514 89%);

HEX #90F514 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #90F514 14%, #F5148E 88%);

HEX #90F514 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #90F514 9%, #F5148E 92%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #1490F5

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5148E 10%, #1490F5 93%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #1490F5

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5148E 2%, #1490F5 92%);

HEX #1490F5 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #1490F5 8%, #F5148E 100%);

HEX #1490F5 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #1490F5 9%, #F5148E 88%);

2-color gradients of CMYK 0 / 92 / 42 / 4 - Rectangular (tetradic) colors

Lineal

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F5A614

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5148E 6%, #F5A614 95%);

Radial

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F5A614

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5148E 8%, #F5A614 87%);

HEX #F5A614 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5A614 7%, #F5148E 89%);

HEX #F5A614 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5A614 12%, #F5148E 92%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #14F579

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5148E 12%, #14F579 95%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #14F579

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5148E 10%, #14F579 100%);

HEX #14F579 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #14F579 0%, #F5148E 99%);

HEX #14F579 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #14F579 4%, #F5148E 87%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #1463F5

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5148E 1%, #1463F5 92%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #1463F5

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5148E 8%, #1463F5 91%);

HEX #1463F5 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #1463F5 1%, #F5148E 99%);

HEX #1463F5 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #1463F5 10%, #F5148E 97%);

2-color gradients of CMYK 0 / 92 / 42 / 4 - Square colors

Lineal

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F5EA14

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5148E 3%, #F5EA14 94%);

Radial

HEX #F5148E to HEX #F5EA14

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5148E 5%, #F5EA14 87%);

HEX #F5EA14 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5EA14 6%, #F5148E 97%);

HEX #F5EA14 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5EA14 3%, #F5148E 93%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #14F579

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5148E 11%, #14F579 89%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #14F579

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5148E 0%, #14F579 88%);

HEX #14F579 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #14F579 10%, #F5148E 100%);

HEX #14F579 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #14F579 9%, #F5148E 92%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #141FF5

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #F5148E 1%, #141FF5 91%);

HEX #F5148E to HEX #141FF5

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #F5148E 12%, #141FF5 91%);

HEX #141FF5 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #141FF5 14%, #F5148E 100%);

HEX #141FF5 to HEX #F5148E

CSS-Code:

background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #141FF5 7%, #F5148E 96%);

Show more color palettes

Services

Colors

RGB to HEX

convert from RGB red green blue to #RRGGBB

RGB to CMYK

convert from RGB red green blue to CMYK cyan / magenta / yellow / black

RGB to RAL®

convert from RGB red green blue to RAL®-number (RAL 0000)

RGB to HKS®

convert from RGB red green blue to HKS®-number (HKS 00)

RGB to PANTONE®

convert from RGB red green blue to Pantone®-number (Pantone 0000)

RGB to Sherwin Williams®

convert from RGB red green blue to Sherwin Williams®-number (SW 0000)

RGB to NCS®

convert from RGB red green blue to NCS-number (S0000-X00X)

RGBA to HEX

convert from RGBA red green blue transparency to #RRGGBB

RGBA to CMYK

convert from RGBA red green blue transparency to CMYK cyan / magenta / yellow / black

RGBA to RAL®

convert from RGBA red green blue transparency to RAL®-number (RAL 0000)

RGBA to HKS®

convert from RGBA red green blue transparency to HKS®-number (HKS 00)

RGBA to PANTONE®

convert from RGBA red green blue transparency to Pantone®-number (Pantone 0000)

RGBA to Sherwin Williams®

convert from RGBA red green blue transparency to Sherwin Williams®-number (SW 0000)

RGBA to NCS®

convert from RGBA red green blue transparency to NCS-number (S0000-X00X)

CMYK to HEX

convert from CMYK cyan / magenta / yellow / black to #RRGGBB

CMYK to RGB

convert from CMYK cyan / magenta / yellow / black to RGB red green blue

CMYK to RGBA

convert from CMYK cyan / magenta / yellow / black to RGBA red green blue transparency

CMYK to RAL®

convert from CMYK cyan / magenta / yellow / black to RAL®-number (RAL 0000)

CMYK to HKS®

convert from CMYK cyan / magenta / yellow / black to HKS®-number (HKS 00)

CMYK to PANTONE®

convert from CMYK cyan / magenta / yellow / black to Pantone®-number (Pantone 0000)

CMYK to Sherwin Williams®

convert from CMYK cyan / magenta / yellow / black to Sherwin Williams®-number (SW 0000)

CMYK to NCS®

convert from CMYK cyan / magenta / yellow / black to NCS-number (S0000-X00X)

HEX to RGB

convert from #RRGGBB to RGB red green blue

HEX to RGBA

convert from #RRGGBB to RGBA red green blue transparency

HEX to CMYK

convert from #RRGGBB to CMYK cyan / magenta / yellow / black

HEX to RAL®

convert from #RRGGBB to RAL®-number (RAL 0000)

HEX to HKS®

convert from #RRGGBB to HKS®-number (HKS 00)

HEX to PANTONE®

convert from #RRGGBB to Pantone®-number (Pantone 0000)

HEX to Sherwin Williams®

convert from #RRGGBB to Sherwin Williams®-number (SW 0000)

HEX to NCS®

convert from #RRGGBB to NCS-number (S0000-X00X)

RAL® to RGB

convert from RAL®-number (RAL 0000) to RGB red green blue

RAL® to RGBA

convert from RAL®-number (RAL 0000) to RGBA red green blue transparency

RAL® to CMYK

convert from RAL®-number (RAL 0000) to CMYK cyan / magenta / yellow / black

RAL® to HEX

convert from RAL®-number (RAL 0000) to #RRGGBB

RAL® to HKS®

convert from RAL®-number (RAL 0000) to HKS®-number (HKS 00)

RAL® to PANTONE®

convert from RAL®-number (RAL 0000) to Pantone®-number (Pantone 0000)

RAL® to Sherwin Williams®

convert from RAL®-number (RAL 0000) to Sherwin Williams®-number (SW 0000)

RAL® to NCS®

convert from RAL®-number (RAL 0000) to NCS-number (S0000-X00X)

HKS® to RGB

convert from HKS®-number (HKS 00) to RGB red green blue

HKS® to RGBA

convert from HKS®-number (HKS 00) to RGBA red green blue transparency

HKS® to CMYK

convert from HKS®-number (HKS 00) to CMYK cyan / magenta / yellow / black

HKS® to HEX

convert from HKS®-number (HKS 00) to #RRGGBB

HKS® to RAL®

convert from HKS®-number (HKS 00) to RAL®-number (RAL 0000)

HKS® to PANTONE®

convert from HKS®-number (HKS 00) to Pantone®-number (Pantone 0000)

HKS® to Sherwin Williams®

convert from HKS®-number (HKS 00) to Sherwin Williams®-number (SW 0000)

HKS® to NCS®

convert from HKS®-number (HKS 00) to NCS-number (S0000-X00X)

PANTONE® to RGB

convert from Pantone®-number (Pantone 0000) to RGB red green blue

PANTONE® to RGBA

convert from Pantone®-number (Pantone 0000) to RGBA red green blue transparency

PANTONE® to CMYK

convert from Pantone®-number (Pantone 0000) to CMYK cyan / magenta / yellow / black

PANTONE® to HEX

convert from Pantone®-number (Pantone 0000) to #RRGGBB

PANTONE® to RAL®

convert from Pantone®-number (Pantone 0000) to RAL®-number (RAL 0000)

PANTONE® to HKS®

convert from Pantone®-number (Pantone 0000) to HKS®-number (HKS 00)

PANTONE® to Sherwin Williams®

convert from Pantone®-number (Pantone 0000) to Sherwin Williams®-number (SW 0000)

PANTONE® to NCS®

convert from Pantone®-number (Pantone 0000) to NCS-number (S0000-X00X)

Sherwin Williams® to RGB

convert from Sherwin Williams®-number (SW 0000) to RGB red green blue

Sherwin Williams® to RGBA

convert from Sherwin Williams®-number (SW 0000) to RGBA red green blue transparency

Sherwin Williams® to CMYK

convert from Sherwin Williams®-number (SW 0000) to CMYK cyan / magenta / yellow / black

Sherwin Williams® to HEX

convert from Sherwin Williams®-number (SW 0000) to #RRGGBB

Sherwin Williams® to RAL®

convert from Sherwin Williams®-number (SW 0000) to RAL®-number (RAL 0000)

Sherwin Williams® to HKS®

convert from Sherwin Williams®-number (SW 0000) to HKS®-number (HKS 00)

Sherwin Williams® to PANTONE®

convert from Sherwin Williams®-number (SW 0000) to Pantone®-number (Pantone 0000)

Sherwin Williams® to NCS®

convert from Sherwin Williams®-number (SW 0000) to NCS-number (S0000-X00X)

NCS® to RGB

convert from NCS-number (S0000-X00X) to RGB red green blue

NCS® to RGBA

convert from NCS-number (S0000-X00X) to RGBA red green blue transparency

NCS® to CMYK

convert from NCS-number (S0000-X00X) to CMYK cyan / magenta / yellow / black

NCS® to HEX

convert from NCS-number (S0000-X00X) to #RRGGBB

NCS® to RAL®

convert from NCS-number (S0000-X00X) to RAL®-number (RAL 0000)

NCS® to HKS®

convert from NCS-number (S0000-X00X) to HKS®-number (HKS 00)

NCS® to PANTONE®

convert from NCS-number (S0000-X00X) to Pantone®-number (Pantone 0000)

To be able to save color palettes, a registration is required.

Log in to your account

or

Create an account

Current color palette Share
Should it be public or private?
Link(s) will follow after sharing.

Public

Color palette shared
Please copy and save the desired link.

Share

View

OK, I have copied the links

Your colors will be saved in a new color palette.
View them under your profile.
You can customize them further, and share them.

Show color palette

Close

Create a color palette

DownloadDownload in different formats

By clicking on you can create palettes and download the color swatches.